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Hidayat al-Muta`allemin Fi al-Tibb
''Hidayat al-Muta`allemin Fi al-Tibb (A Guide to Medical Learners)'' is an Arabic language medical guide written in Dari. The author is Abu Bakr Rabee Ibn Ahmad Al-Akhawyni Bokhari (Al-Akhawayni Bukhari, ?-983 AD).
It was one of the first Iranian Islamic medicaltexts. The book contains articles about the elements, temperaments, humors, hygiene, anatomy, physiology, pathology, signs and symptoms of diseases and treatment of many diseases,.〔Samad EJ Golzari1, et al., "Sleep paralysis in medieval Persia – the Hidayat of Akhawayni (?–983 AD)".Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment August 2012. 229–234.〕〔Hassan Yarmohammadi, Behnam Dalfardi, Alireza Mehdizadeh, and Sina Haghighat, Al-Akhawayni, a contributor to medieval Persian knowledge on contraception, December 2013, Vol. 18, No. 6, Pages 435-440 (doi:10.3109/13625187.2013.836176).〕 Akhawayni Bukhari was the first physician in Iran and Near East that provided a practical classification for mental disorders.The description of Akhawayni from clinical signs and symptoms of patients that suffer from melancholia is attractive in history of psychology.〔Behnam Dalfardi, Hassan Yarmohammadi, Ahmad Ghanizadeh, Melancholia in medieval Persian literature: The view of Hidayat of Al-Akhawayni. World J Psychiatr 2014 June 22; 4(2): 37-41,ISSN 2220-3206 (online), DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v4.i2.37.〕 Several libraries and cultural institutes have copies of the book, including the Bodleian Library in England, the library at Fatih, Istanbul, and the Malek National Library and Museum in Tehran.
==View on Melancholia==
Al-Akhawayni is well known for his treatment of patients with mental disorders and he describes a number of these disorders, such as Mania, Dementia, Conversion Disorder and Melancholia, in his book. 〔〔 Al-Akhawayni describes Melancholia as a chronic illness and relates it to brain, which is one of the main aspects of his view on Melancholia.〔 He describes Melancholia’s initial clinical manifestations as "suffering from an unexplained fear, inability to answer questions or providing false answers, self-laughing and self-crying and speaking meaninglessly, yet with no fever"〔 He further categorizes Melancholia patients into three types : first group suffered from significant weight loss in head and neck region, second group suffered from a significant systemic weight loss and third group actually gained a significant increase in appetite 〔〔 and he described different symptoms and different treatments in each group. 〔 For treatment of this disease, he advised his own treatments in addition of those of his predecessors. These treatments consisted mainly of medicinal herbs and natural fats.〔〔
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